Usefulness of ultrasound-guided tibio-pedal access in patients with critical limb ischemia.

INTRODUCTION: Retrograde access performed guided by fluoroscopy or ultrasound. We aimed to analyze the usefulness of ultrasound in retrograde access in patients with critical limb ischemia. METHODS: Observational analytical study. From December 2013 to June 2019. We included all retrograde accesses that were guided by ultrasound. Our register assesses demographic and clinical data, the vessel used as retrograde access, the procedure performed, the amount of contrast agent used and time of fluoroscopy, access failure, and local complications. RESULTS: On 715 procedures performed, was used ultrasound-guided retrograde access in 25 patients (64% men). The mean age was 74.8 years (45-90), with 92% of diabetics and 32% of chronic renal failure. Two patients with Rutherford stage 4 and 23 with stage 5-6. In 24 (96%) patients the ultrasound-guided puncture was successful, while in one (4%) of them, it was not possible to enter the target vessel. After the punch, was achieved the technical success of revascularization in 19 (79.2%) patients, with 5 (20.8%) in whom did not the arterial injury was not overcome. The arteries used as retrograde access were: anterior tibial 11, posterior tibial 10, and peroneal in 4. The mean of contrast used was 63 mL (9-100 mL) with an average time of 43 min (15-76 min). Complications related did not observe in retrograde access. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided retrograde distal access is an effective method that may use as a bailout method in those endovascular procedures in which it is not possible to cross the lesion anterogradely.

Usefulness of ultrasound-guided tibio-pedal access in patients with critical limb ischemia. / Utilidad de la ecografía en la punción retrógrada distal en la isquemia crítica de extremidades inferiores.

INTRODUCTION: Retrograde access performed guided by fluoroscopy or ultrasound. We aimed to analyze the usefulness of ultrasound in retrograde access in patients with critical limb ischemia. METHODS: Observational analytical study. From December 2013 to June 2019. We included all retrograde accesses that were guided by ultrasound. Our register assesses demographic and clinical data, the vessel used as retrograde access, the procedure performed, the amount of contrast agent used and time of fluoroscopy, access failure, and local complications. RESULTS: On 715 procedures performed, was used ultrasound-guided retrograde access in 25 patients (64% men). The mean age was 74.8 years (45-90), with 92% of diabetics and 32% of chronic renal failure. Two patients with Rutherford stage 4 and 23 with stage 5-6. In 24 (96%) patients the ultrasound-guided puncture was successful, while in one (4%) of them, it was not possible to enter the target vessel. After the punch, was achieved the technical success of revascularization in 19 (79.2%) patients, with 5(20.8%) in whom did not the arterial injury was not overcome. The arteries used as retrograde access were: anterior tibial 11, posterior tibial 10, and peroneal in 4. The mean of contrast used was 63 mL (9-100 ml) with an average time of 43 minutes (15- 76 min). Complications related did not observe in retrograde access. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound- guided retrograde distal access is an effective method that may use as a bailout method in those endovascular procedures in which it is not possible to cross the lesion anterogradely.

Infection of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis: An uncommon etiology / Infección de fístula arteriovenosa protésica para hemodiálisis de causa inusual

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Deep vein thrombosis in noncritically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: deep vein thrombosis in nonintensive care unit patients.

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolic events have been one of the main causes of mortality among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The aim of our study was to describe the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in noncritically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and correlate such observations with the thromboprophylaxis received. METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study of 67 patients admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 pneumonia. The diagnosis was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction testing of nasopharyngeal specimens. The deep veins were examined using compression duplex ultrasonography with the transducer on B-mode. The patients were separated into two groups for statistical analysis: those receiving low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis and those receiving intermediate or complete anticoagulation treatment. Risk analysis and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: Of the 67 patients, 57 were included in the present study after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 49.1% were women, and the patient mean age was 71.3 years. All 57 patients had undergone compression duplex ultrasonography. Of these 57 patients, 6 were diagnosed with DVT, for an in-hospital rate of DVT in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia of 10.5%. All the patients who had presented with DVT had been receiving low-molecular-weight heparin prophylaxis. The patients receiving prophylactic anticoagulation treatment had a greater risk of DVT (16.21%; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.28; P = .056) compared with those receiving intermediate or complete anticoagulation treatment. We also found a protective factor for DVT in the intermediate or complete anticoagulation treatment group (odds ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.08-0.46; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Noncritically ill, hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have a high risk of DVT despite receipt of correct, standard thromboprophylaxis.

Role of an age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff level in the diagnosis algorithm of lower limb deep venous thrombosis in outpatients.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to analyze the utility of the age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff value in patients with clinically suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in an ambulatory care setting, including distal DVTs. METHODS: This was an observational cohort study of 606 outpatients older than 18 years presenting with low or moderate clinical suspicion of lower limb DVT (measured by Wells scale). D-dimer levels were obtained, and duplex ultrasound was performed (including femoropopliteal and below-knee veins). We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive D-dimer values and when to apply the age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff value (D-dimer threshold = age × 10 µg/L). We split patients older than 50 years into 10-year age groups. We constructed receiver operating characteristic curves of the D-dimer test for each group to find the best threshold (defined as the value of D-dimer that gives more specificity, maintaining the maximum possible sensitivity). RESULTS: There were 249 men and 357 women with a mean age of 69.3 years; 41 patients were diagnosed with DVT. At a D-dimer threshold of 250 µg/L, sensitivity was 93%, specificity was 8%, positive predictive value was 7%, and negative predictive value was 94%. When the age-adjusted cutoff level was applied, global sensitivity was 76% and specificity 61%; positive predictive value was 12%, and negative predictive value was 97%. False-negative rate was 24%. We split patients older than 50 years into 10-year age groups: 50 to 60 years, 60 to 70 years, 70 to 80 years, and >80 years. The optimum thresholds were, respectively, 526 µg/L, 442.5 µg/L, 475 µg/L, and 549. µg/L. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, the age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff level is not useful in the diagnostic algorithm of DVT.

Causa inusual de oclusión de la vena cava inferior / An unusual cause of occlusion of the inferior vena cava

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Absceso retrofaríngeo con invasión mediastínica: antibioterapia exclusiva / Retropharyngeal abscess with mediastinal invasion: Exclusive antibiotic treatment

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Enfermedad cerebrovascular en pediatría. Experiencia de un servicio de urgencias / Stroke in children. Experience in an emergency service

Objetivos. Describir las características de la enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) en pacientes atendidos en un servicio de urgencias pediátrico y detectar diferencias clínicas según sea isquémica o hemorrágica. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, analítico observacional, realizado en el servicio de urgencias pediátrico de un hospital de tercer nivel. Se incluyen pacientes entre 1 mes y 18 años de edad atendidos en el servicio durante 10 años (enero de 2001 a diciembre de 2011) con diagnóstico final de ECV. Se excluyen las hemorragias por traumatismos o secundarias a tumores, las trombosis de senos venosos y los pacientes no atendidos en el servicio. Resultados. Se incluyen 61 pacientes, 39 (63,9%) de sexo masculino, con una mediana de edad de 4,6 años (rango: 1,3 meses-17,5 años). De ellos, 26 (42,6%) presentan ECV isquémica y 35 (57,4%) ECV hemorrágica. La cefalea (n = 20; 57,1%; p = 0,008) y los vómitos (n = 25; 71,4%; p = 0,001) son más frecuentes en la ECV hemorrágica, y la hemiparesia (n = 17; 65,4%; p < 0,001) y la parálisis facial (n = 7; 26,9%; p = 0,001), en la ECV isquémica. Las principales causas de la ECV hemorrágica son las malformaciones arteriovenosas (n = 17; 38,6%), y las de la ECV isquémica, las arteriopatías (n = 6; 42,3%). Al alta, 27 (44,3%) presentaban diferentes grados de discapacidad y 6 (9,8%) fallecieron. Conclusiones. La ECV es una entidad poco frecuente, aunque presenta una elevada morbimortalidad. Se observa un ligero predominio de la ECV hemorrágica y se comprueba que la ECV hemorrágica se presenta más con signos de hipertensión intracraneal, y la isquémica, con focalidad neurológica (AU)

Aims. To describe the characteristics of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in patients treated in a paediatric emergency department and to detect clinical differences, depending on whether the condition was ischaemic or haemorrhagic. Patients and methods. An analytical, observation-based, retrospective study was conducted in the paediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. The sample included patients aged between 1 month and 18 years who were treated in the service over a period of 10 years (January 2001 to December 2011) with a final diagnosis of CVD. Haemorrhages due to traumatic injury or secondary to tumours, thrombosis of the venous sinuses and patients who were not treated in the service were all excluded. Results. The final sample consisted of 61 patients, 39 (63.9%) of whom were males, with a mean age of 4.6 years (range: 1.3 months-17.5 years). Of them, 26 (42.6%) presented ischaemic CVD and 35 (57.4%) had haemorrhagic CVD. Headache (n = 20; 57.1%; p = 0.008) and vomiting (n = 25; 71.4%; p = 0.001) are more frequent in haemorrhagic CVD, and hemiparesis (n = 17; 65.4%; p < 0.001) and facial palsy (n = 7; 26.9%; p = 0.001) in ischaemic CVD. The main causes of haemorrhagic CVD are arteriovenous malformations (n = 17; 38.6%) and the ischaemic ones are triggered by arteriopathies (n = 6; 42.3%). On discharge from hospital, 27 (44.3%) presented different degrees of disability and 6 (9.8%) died. Conclusions. CVD is a rare entity, although it presents a high morbidity and mortality rate. Haemorrhagic CVD is seen to predominate slightly and it is observed how haemorrhagic CVD presents more often with signs of intracranial hypertension, while the ischaemic form tends to have more neurological focus (AU)

[Stroke in children. Experience in an emergency service]. / Enfermedad cerebrovascular en pediatría. Experiencia de un servicio de urgencias.

AIMS: To describe the characteristics of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in patients treated in a paediatric emergency department and to detect clinical differences, depending on whether the condition was ischaemic or haemorrhagic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An analytical, observation-based, retrospective study was conducted in the paediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. The sample included patients aged between 1 month and 18 years who were treated in the service over a period of 10 years (January 2001 to December 2011) with a final diagnosis of CVD. Haemorrhages due to traumatic injury or secondary to tumours, thrombosis of the venous sinuses and patients who were not treated in the service were all excluded. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 61 patients, 39 (63.9%) of whom were males, with a mean age of 4.6 years (range: 1.3 months-17.5 years). Of them, 26 (42.6%) presented ischaemic CVD and 35 (57.4%) had haemorrhagic CVD. Headache (n = 20; 57.1%; p = 0.008) and vomiting (n = 25; 71.4%; p = 0.001) are more frequent in haemorrhagic CVD, and hemiparesis (n = 17; 65.4%; p < 0.001) and facial palsy (n = 7; 26.9%; p = 0.001) in ischaemic CVD. The main causes of haemorrhagic CVD are arteriovenous malformations (n = 17; 38.6%) and the ischaemic ones are triggered by arteriopathies (n = 6; 42.3%). On discharge from hospital, 27 (44.3%) presented different degrees of disability and 6 (9.8%) died. CONCLUSIONS: CVD is a rare entity, although it presents a high morbidity and mortality rate. Haemorrhagic CVD is seen to predominate slightly and it is observed how haemorrhagic CVD presents more often with signs of intracranial hypertension, while the ischaemic form tends to have more neurological focus.

TITLE: Enfermedad cerebrovascular en pediatria. Experiencia de un servicio de urgencias.Objetivos. Describir las caracteristicas de la enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) en pacientes atendidos en un servicio de urgencias pediatrico y detectar diferencias clinicas segun sea isquemica o hemorragica. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio retrospectivo, analitico observacional, realizado en el servicio de urgencias pediatrico de un hospital de tercer nivel. Se incluyen pacientes entre 1 mes y 18 años de edad atendidos en el servicio durante 10 años (enero de 2001 a diciembre de 2011) con diagnostico final de ECV. Se excluyen las hemorragias por traumatismos o secundarias a tumores, las trombosis de senos venosos y los pacientes no atendidos en el servicio. Resultados. Se incluyen 61 pacientes, 39 (63,9%) de sexo masculino, con una mediana de edad de 4,6 años (rango: 1,3 meses-17,5 años). De ellos, 26 (42,6%) presentan ECV isquemica y 35 (57,4%) ECV hemorragica. La cefalea (n = 20; 57,1%; p = 0,008) y los vomitos (n = 25; 71,4%; p = 0,001) son mas frecuentes en la ECV hemorragica, y la hemiparesia (n = 17; 65,4%; p < 0,001) y la paralisis facial (n = 7; 26,9%; p = 0,001), en la ECV isquemica. Las principales causas de la ECV hemorragica son las malformaciones arteriovenosas (n = 17; 38,6%), y las de la ECV isquemica, las arteriopatias (n = 6; 42,3%). Al alta, 27 (44,3%) presentaban diferentes grados de discapacidad y 6 (9,8%) fallecieron. Conclusiones. La ECV es una entidad poco frecuente, aunque presenta una elevada morbimortalidad. Se observa un ligero predominio de la ECV hemorragica y se comprueba que la ECV hemorragica se presenta mas con signos de hipertension intracraneal, y la isquemica, con focalidad neurologica.